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Mesothelioma Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos an element that occurs naturally. The disease usually develops for years after exposure. The treatment for mesothelioma is chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. Treatment can help patients live longer. There are three types. The type of cell forms the tumor and its stage influences the prognosis. What is Mesothelioma? The mesothelioma cancerous form forms in the mesothelium (a thin layer of tissue lining internal organs). It is caused by asbestos, which is a grouping of fibrous minerals. The exposure to asbestos typically occurs when people inhale or swallow stray asbestos fibers. The asbestos particles stick to the organ's lining and irritate them, leading to tumors. The diagnosis of mesothelioma is able to be made by a doctor after they examine the tumors and collect a tissue sample, also called a biopsy. Mesothelioma is classified by type based on the type of cells found in the tumours. The three mesothelioma types are epithelial (also known as sarcomatoid) biphasic, sarcomatoid, and epithelial. Epithelial mesothelioma is the most popular type, accounting for around 50 percent of all diagnoses. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma represents 10 percent of all cases, and has a worse prognosis than the epithelial type. Biphasic mesothelioma is a mix of epithelial as well as sarcomatoid cells, and accounts for 30% to 40% of all diagnoses. Symptoms of mesothelioma may include difficulty breathing and chest pain as well as pain in the abdomen. These symptoms are similar to symptoms of other conditions, so it is crucial to consult your doctor if you suffer from these symptoms. The treatment for mesothelioma could help alleviate symptoms, slow tumor growth and allow patients live longer. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and surgery. Palliative care is accessible for patients and helps manage pain and discomfort. Doctors continue to research ways to treat mesothelioma and how it can spread. New treatments include immunotherapy which uses your body's immune system to fight cancer. This is an experimental treatment that has shown promise for certain mesothelioma patients. Patients may also participate in clinical trials, which are studies of new treatments. Patients suffering from mesothelioma are usually treated at cancer centers that have specialized specialists who treat the condition. Diagnosis A mesothelioma diagnosis is the first step to receive treatment that can prolong your life. Your doctor will look over your symptoms and medical history to determine the type of mesothelioma that you have. This is crucial as the three mesothelioma primary cell types respond differently to treatment. The first test your doctor might suggest is an X-ray of your chest or CT scan. During this test, you lie on tables while the Xray or CT machine produces a precise picture of your chest and the surrounding organs. Before the procedure, a tiny injection of dye, usually Iodine, is administered. The dye makes the tissue in your chest or abdomen lighter which makes it easier to be able to. You may be asked to take breath tests during this period of time. If these tests show the possibility of a tumor or a mass that is cancerous, your doctor could decide to take biopsy. A biopsy involves the removal of the mass or tumor, either surgically or by inserting needles into the area. The specimen is then examined under a microscope for mesothelioma. In some instances, our specialists use ultrasound to find lymph nodes with enlarged lymphatic vessels that could be mesothelioma. This procedure is called endobronchial ultrasound guided needle aspiration or EBNA. It is done on an outpatient basis, so you can go home the next day. A mesothelioma specialist will also be required to determine your mesothelioma's stage. The stages are determined by how far the cancer has spread and what type of mesothelioma it is. A mesothelioma specialist can give you a precise diagnosis to ensure that you receive the correct treatment. Treatment The treatment plan of mesothelioma patients is determined by the extent of their disease and their general health. Patients who have mesothelioma usually receive multimodal treatments, which include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. The first step to treating mesothelioma is physical examination and advising your doctor about any asbestos exposure you might have been exposed to in the past. Doctors may also request imaging scans and blood tests to determine if mesothelioma is present and rule out other conditions. These include CT (computerized tomography) scans; MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans; FDG-PET (fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography) scans and mediastinoscopy (used to study and sample lymph nodes within the chest cavity). Surgery is an option for the majority of pleural mesothelioma cases. A patient can undergo a minimally invasive procedure, such as video-assisted needle biopsy, or CT-guided thoracoscopic surgical. Both surgeries can improve the life expectancy of a patient and reduce symptoms. Chemotherapy makes use of drugs to kill cancer cells and stop their growth. It is the standard treatment for mesothelioma and can prolong the survival of patients. It is administered through intravenous drip (IV) or pill form. Radiation is a mesothelioma therapy that can shrink tumors and kill cancerous cells. It is used to treat pleural cancer in different stages, as well as to ease pain and prolong the life of patients. In the latter stages of mesothelioma therapy, doctors concentrate on reducing symptoms to extend the lifespan of a patient as long as is feasible. Palliative treatment is the name for this type of treatment. Although the mesothelioma survival rate is very low but there are a lot of survivors. For instance, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, who was diagnosed with peritoneal mesothelioma in 1982, lived for another 20 years until he passed away due to complications from a different illness. Signs and symptoms Many people suffering from mesothelioma show symptoms for months or years before they are diagnosed. The initial symptoms are similar to those experienced by other diseases and it's easy to ignore or mistake them for minor ailments. However, if you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is vital to see your physician immediately. The organs in your body are protected by mesothelium, a layer. This layer protects them from rubbing against one the other. Mesothelioma, a form of cancer, affects mesothelium, the cells that line your organs. The lining that surrounds your lungs is the most common area where mesothelioma first appears. However, it may develop in the heart (pericardium) as well as in your abdomen (peritoneum), or the tissue around your testicles (tunica vulginalis). The initial signs of mesothelioma include breathlessness and chest pain as well as fatigue. Mesothelioma can also cause an accumulation of fluid in the lungs or chest wall that can lead to pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can put pressure on the lungs, which can cause coughing and breathing difficulties. The diagnosis of mesothelioma is made after a thorough medical examination and taking the patient's history. They may request chest X-rays that can reveal signs of abnormalities like thickening the lung lining, or the accumulation of fluid in the chest wall. You can also request a CT scan, MRI or PET scan to take a closer look at your lungs or other tissues. They may also eliminate any fluid that collects in the pleura, or the peritoneum with an ultrasound-guided needle aspiration procedure. A biopsy can help determine the mesothelioma type that is forming the tumor, and how it is growing. This can help doctors decide on the best treatment options. The three options of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are the three kinds of mesothelioma treatments that are standard. The following is a list of preventions. Mesothelioma is not preventable, but you can reduce your risk by avoiding those who are exposed to asbestos and avoiding the area. Exposure to asbestos may cause lung cancer and other illnesses that affect organ linings. There are many types of mesothelioma, and some of them are more serious than others. Certain types of mesothelioma are more manageable. Asbestos is an assortment of minerals with microscopic fibers. Manufacturers used it in construction and other industrial products, without knowing about the dangers it poses. naperville mesothelioma attorneys and blue-collar workers were the most exposed to asbestos. Asbestos has been found to be hazardous and you shouldn't stay in an old factory or work there. If you have any history of exposure to asbestos, speak with your doctor about having regular screening. X-rays as well as CT or MRI scans can help identify issues with your lungs or abdomen. A biopsy can identify the presence of a tumor in the lining of your stomach or chest. Doctors will then examine the tissue samples from that region to determine whether you suffer from mesothelioma. You could have pleural msothelioma that affects the lungs' membrane. Other kinds include peritoneal mysothelioma, pericardial mesothelioma or testicular mesothelioma. It can take several years for mesothelioma's development after exposure to asbestos. Even so, it can be difficult to determine. It is often misdiagnosed as a condition or illness such as pneumonia, bronchitis or lung cancer. This can mean that you are not getting the proper treatment. Researchers are working to improve diagnosis and design tests that detect mesothelioma earlier. This could result in better treatments and a greater chance of survival. The research involves genetic testing to identify who is most likely to develop mesothelioma.